• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a bearing comprising rolling bodies 5 held in a cage 6 and arranged between an outer ring 2 and at least one inner ring 3. The invention is characterized in that a part of the bearing 1 is made of metal or at least partially amorphous metal alloy.
    公开号:CH705421B1
    申请号:CH02878/12
    申请日:2011-06-22
    公开日:2016-06-15
    发明作者:Winkler Yves；Karapatis Nakis
    申请人:Swatch Group Res & Dev Ltd；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The present invention relates to a bearing and more particularly a bearing for subminiature applications and a hybrid microleading three or four non-lubricated contact points for subminiature applications mainly in the watch industry but can extend to all the movable elements (rotating or linear or other) supported by rolling elements on which said movable element rolls.
    The technical field of the invention is the field of mechanics.
    Technological background
    There are bearings as the bearing three or four contact points which is composed, in general, an outer ring, two inner rings flocking, a variable number of rolling bodies and, in order to keep the rolling bodies spaced from one another, a cage positioned between them. The two inner rings are assembled and placed inside the outer ring, thus forming a path for moving the rolling bodies. A space is then between the outer ring and the two inner rings assembled. This space is arranged to receive the rolling bodies. These are positioned at regular intervals and held in place by a cage. This cage may consist of several links, each of the links being attached to a rolling body so as to imprison without removing a freedom of rotation. The links are secured to each other by segments of the same dimensions allowing a regular interval between two links.
    The materials used for the cage and the rings are generally steels or high performance copper materials such as CuBe.
    However, during the operation of the timepiece and therefore during the rotation of the ball bearing, shocks may occur between the balls and the inner and / or outer rings. These shocks involve the application on said bearing of high stresses. These constraints, if they are too large, can then cause impacts or flat balls and / or on the inner rings and / or outer deforming. The bearing then loses efficiency and wears out more quickly.
    These deformations can then reveal a parasitic noise generated by the rolling of said rolling bodies on said path when a deformation such as a flat is present. This noise can increase with the speed of rotation and thus make said bearing uncomfortable to use. Such stray noise may be generated by an asperity on one of the parts of said bearing. This asperity may be a defect when machining one of the parts of the bearing. During operation of the latter, at least a portion of the bearing comes into contact with this asperity and thus generates a noise or an increase in bearing wear and / or a decrease in efficiency.
    In addition, some metals and alloys today have the disadvantage of being sensitive to corrosion at the balls or rings or the cage. This then causes a decrease in the performance of the bearing or seizing the bearing that makes it unusable.
    Summary of the invention
    The invention aims to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art by proposing to provide a bearing that is both more resistant to shocks but also simpler to achieve and to obtain more complex shapes without losing in precision.
    For this purpose, the invention relates to a bearing comprising rolling bodies held in a cage and disposed between an outer ring and at least one inner ring which is characterized in that at least the rolling bodies or the cage or the outer ring or the inner ring is made at least partly of metal or metal alloy at least partially amorphous.
    A first advantage of the present invention is to allow a simpler manufacturing while allowing to have complicated shapes without losing precision. Indeed, the at least partially amorphous metal alloys have the capacity to soften strongly when they are heated to a temperature between their glass transition temperature and their crystallization temperature. In this temperature range, the amorphous metals have a viscosity that decreases greatly, the decrease in viscosity being temperature dependent: the higher the temperature, the lower the viscosity. This decreasing viscosity thus enables said material to be shaped under low stress and to properly fill the dies in which it is shaped. The shape of the piece to be reproduced is perfectly copied.
    Another advantage is that the amorphous metals are distinguished by a higher elastic limit than the crystalline metal by a factor substantially equal to two. This means that amorphous metals can withstand a higher stress before plastically deforming. Therefore, an amorphous metal object of the same dimensions as an object of crystalline material withstands twice as much stress before plastically deforming, that is to say definitively. An amorphous metal bearing is therefore able to withstand higher stresses which improves the rolling resistance and therefore its reliability and longevity.
    This higher resistance capacity can allow the realization of a bearing to smaller dimensions but the resistance equal to that of a bearing of crystalline materials.
    Advantageous embodiments of this method are the subject of the dependent claims.
    In a first advantageous embodiment, said at least a portion of said bearing is made entirely of metal or metal alloy at least partially amorphous.
    In a second advantageous embodiment, said metal or metal alloy is totally amorphous.
    In another advantageous embodiment, the rolling bodies comprise a core coated with a layer made of metal or metal alloy at least partially amorphous.
    In another advantageous embodiment, the outer ring and / or the inner ring comprise a central portion of which at least one face is coated with a layer made of metal or metal alloy at least partially amorphous.
    In another advantageous embodiment, the at least one face coated with a layer made of at least partially amorphous metal or metal alloy is the face of the outer ring and / or the inner ring in contact with the rolling bodies. .
    In another advantageous embodiment, said at least one part is the outer ring.
    In another advantageous embodiment, said at least one part is the rolling bodies.
    In another advantageous embodiment, said at least one part is the cage.
    In another advantageous embodiment, said at least one part is the inner ring.
    One of the advantages of these embodiments is to allow only one layer of amorphous metal around a core of any material or chosen to be lightweight or inexpensive. We then take advantage of the properties of the amorphous metal without making parts totally amorphous metal which could increase costs.
    Brief description of the figures
    The objects, advantages and characteristics of the bearing according to the present invention will appear more clearly in the following detailed description of at least one embodiment of the invention given solely by way of non-limiting example and illustrated by the accompanying drawings. on which ones:<tb> fig. 1 <SEP> schematically represents a side view of a bearing according to the present invention;<tb> fig. 2 <SEP> schematically represents a partially cutaway perspective view of a bearing according to the present invention;<tb> fig. 3 <SEP> shows a partially cutaway perspective view of a variant of the bearing according to the present invention;<tb> fig. 4 <SEP> schematically represents a sectional view of a second variant of the bearing according to the present invention, and<tb> fig. <SEP> schematically represents a sectional view of an alternative to the bearing according to the present invention.
    Description
    The present invention relates to a bearing and more particularly a bearing for subminiature applications and a micro-rolling. Such a bearing 1 visible in FIGS. 1 and 2 comprises an outer ring 2, an inner ring 3, a variable number of rolling bodies and, in order to keep the rolling bodies spaced from one another, a cage 6 is positioned between them. In a variant visible in FIGS. 3 and 4 wherein the bearing comprises more than two points of contact such as a bearing with three or four points of contact, the inner ring 3 is composed of two parts 3a and 3b assembling.
    The outer ring 2 comprises an outer face 21 and an inner face 22. This inner face 22 is used as a path for the rolling bodies 5. Preferably, the inner face 22 is curved so as to facilitate the movement of the rolling bodies. 5. Indeed, an inner face 22 curved allows for less friction while naturally preventing the rolling bodies 5 out of the way.
    In this outer ring 2 is installed an inner ring 3. This inner ring 3 comprises an outer face 31 and an inner face 32. The outer face 31 is also used as a path for the rolling bodies 5. In the case of an inner ring 3 composed of two parts 3a and 3b, these parts 3a and 3b are assembled before being inserted into the outer ring 2. The path formed by the outer face 31 of the inner ring 3 and the inner face 22 of the outer ring 2 is designed to allow the displacement of the rolling bodies 5, said path is adapted to the shape of the rolling bodies 5.
    When the inner ring 3 is inserted into the outer ring 2, a space 4 appears between the inner ring 3 and the outer ring. In this space 4 are placed the rolling bodies 5. The latter are in the form of balls or cylindrical parts or cylindrical truncated cylinders.
    These rolling bodies 5 are placed in a regular manner in said space 4 so that the space between each rolling body 5 is identical. For this, the rolling bodies 5 are placed in a cage 6. This cage 6 is in the form of multiple elements of girdling 61 interconnected by attachment sections 62. Indeed, each rolling body 5 is inserted into an element This girdling element 61 is designed to hold the rolling body 5 while allowing it to turn on itself. The attachment sections 62 are used to secure all the rolling bodies together. The attachment sections 62 all have an identical length in order to distribute the rolling bodies 5. Of course, it can be provided that the cage 6 comprise two elements fixed together.
    The cage 6 with the rolling bodies 5 is inserted into the space 4 so that the outer ring 2 and the inner ring 3 can rotate independently of one another. The cage 6 must be manufactured accurately to allow both a good maintenance of rolling bodies 5, but also allow them to have good freedom of movement. The rolling bodies 5 are either forced into the cage 6 or it comprises several parts assembled around the rolling bodies 5.
    Cleverly according to the invention, at least one of the parts of the bearing 1 is made of at least partially amorphous metal alloy. It will be understood by at least partially amorphous material that the material is capable of solidifying at least partially in the amorphous phase, that is to say that it is able to avoid at least partially any crystallization. This metal alloy can be totally amorphous.
    It will then be understood that the rolling bodies 5 and / or the cage 6 and / or the inner ring 3 and / or the outer ring 2 are amorphous metal. It may be provided that the different parts such as the cage 6 and the rolling bodies 5 are amorphous metal but a different alloy. For example, the rolling bodies 5 may be titanium-based amorphous metal and the zirconium-based amorphous metal cage. In particular, the material used can be at least partially amorphous.
    In addition, this material may be a metal or an alloy which comprises at least one metal element, said metal element being valuable.
    The advantage of these amorphous metal alloys comes from the fact that during their solidification, the atoms that compose them do not arrange according to a particular structure as is the case for crystalline materials. Thus, even if the Young E moduli of the crystalline structure and the amorphous structure are close, the elasticity limits σ are different. An amorphous metal is then differentiated by a yield point higher than that of the crystalline metal by a factor of two to four. This means that amorphous materials can withstand a higher stress before plastically deforming.
    Accordingly, the use of such a material for the manufacture of rolling bodies 5 or outer rings 2 or inner 3 amorphous metal alloys involve greater impact resistance that may occur during operation of said bearing. Indeed, during the operation of such a bearing, shocks can occur so that the outer ring 2 strongly presses the rolling bodies 5 and the inner ring 3. These shocks can, if they cause too much stress, deform the path of the inner rings 2 and outer 3 or rolling bodies 5. It can thus create a flat or hollow on the path or the rolling bodies 5. Now, with the amorphous materials that can withstand greater stress before to plastically deform, the risk of irreversible deformations of rolling bodies 5 and / or inner rings 2 and / or outer 3 are lower and these parts of the bearing 1 have a longer life.
    This ability to withstand a higher stress allows to consider a reduction in size. Indeed, since the metal or amorphous alloys are able to withstand a higher stress before plastically deforming, the dimensions of these metal parts or amorphous alloy can be reduced. This gives the same resistance to stress as a piece of crystalline metal, but with a more compact piece.
    On the other hand, this ability to have parts of the same dimensions as crystalline metal parts, but with greater strength, allows greater durability.
    In addition, the significantly higher elastic limit of amorphous metals in comparison with the crystalline allows to increase the number of alloy satisfying both the criterion of minimum mechanical strength and the diamagnetic or paramagnetic character of the alloy. The use of paramagnetic or diamagnetic materials has the advantage of avoiding any disturbances in the operation of the watch following exposures to external magnetic fields.
    The absence of crystalline structure also allows to have no grain boundaries favoring the appearance of intergranular corrosion. The amorphous metal parts therefore have a better resistance to intergranular corrosion, thereby increasing the service life of the bearing. In addition, the absence of crystalline structure makes it possible to reduce the energy losses associated with the anelastic phenomena in the material. Moreover, the absence of defects such as dislocations in the amorphous state makes it possible to considerably limit the internal energy dissipations during the cycling in charge in the elastic domain.
    For the realization of these elements, it is conceivable to take advantage of the particular characteristic of amorphous metal alloys in terms of shaping. The amorphous metals have the particularity of softening while remaining amorphous for a certain time in a given temperature range [Tg-Tx] specific to each alloy (with Tx: crystallization temperature and Tg: glass transition temperature). Advantageously, in a temperature range between its glass transition temperature Tg and its crystallization temperature Tx, the amorphous metals have a viscosity which decreases sharply. It becomes easy to shape them under a relatively low stress and at a low temperature. The manufacturing process therefore becomes simplified.
    The use of such a material also makes it possible to reproduce fine geometries very precisely because the viscosity of the alloy strongly decreases as a function of the temperature in the temperature range [Tg-Tx] and the alloy thus marry all the details of a mold. The cage, the balls or the rings can then be made by hot forming and thus have a simpler and more precise process. Specific surface conditions can also be achieved by this technique on the rolling areas, thus optimizing the efficiency of the system or improving the aesthetics.
    Such a technique consists in providing two matrices with the footprint of the part to be produced. Then, you need an amorphous metal preform. This preform consists of casting a molten metal or alloy in a mold and rapidly cooling the metal or alloy. The cooling is defined to not allow the atoms of said metal or said alloy to arrange allowing it to become amorphous.
    This preform is then placed between the dies and then heated to a temperature between its glass transition temperature Tg and its crystallization temperature Tx in order to have its viscosity which decreases sharply. Pressure is applied to the dies and the metal or alloy in viscous form deforms. This very low viscosity allows said metal or alloy to perfectly take the shape of the imprint of the dies.
    Similarly, this ease of formatting allows, in addition to the realization of bearing 1 ball 5 more accurate, the realization of more complex shapes without losing precision, especially to achieve a rolling body path 5 with a slight guidance as a slightly shaped rail to better guide the rolling bodies 5. Similarly, the decoration on said bearing is possible.
    It may be envisaged to use the principle of casting to manufacture at least a portion of the bearing 1. For this, the metal or alloy used is heated to a temperature equal to or greater than its melting temperature. , said material thus becoming liquid. It is then poured or injected into a negative, equipped with a hole for pouring. This negative has the footprint of the part to be made. This casting is operated to fill the footprint. It is then cooled rapidly so that the atoms composing said material can not arrange to form a structure, the absence of structure allowing said material to be amorphous.
    The advantage of casting an amorphous metal is to allow greater accuracy and greater strength of the cast object. Indeed, the amorphous metals, when cast, have the advantage of having a solidification shrinkage of less than 1% while the casting of their crystalline equivalents has a solidification shrinkage of 5 to 7%. This means that the amorphous material will keep the shape and dimensions of the place where it is poured while a crystalline material will contract.
    In order to save manufacturing cost, an alternative visible in FIG. 5 provides that the elements of the bearing 1 of amorphous metal are only coated elements. By this is meant that the parts of the metal or amorphous alloy bearing comprise a core 102 or main portion 100 coated with a layer 101 of amorphous metal or alloy. This technique can be used for the rolling bodies 5, the outer ring 2 and the inner ring 3 or its parts 3a and 3a when the inner ring 3 is composed of two parts 3a, 3b. Indeed, the wear of the elements of the ball bearing is essentially surface, it is economical to make these elements from a core of any material and to coat the amorphous metal core. For the case of the outer ring 2 or the inner ring 3 or its parts 3a and 3a, it is conceivable that only the surface in contact with the rolling bodies 5 is coated with an amorphous metal or alloy. A main piece 100 is made by traditional machining with a traditional crystalline alloy to then be at least partially coated with a metal or amorphous alloy. The inner face 22 of the outer ring 2 and the outer face 31 of the inner ring 3 are the coated faces of amorphous metal.
    For the case of rolling bodies 5, a core 102 is made of a lighter or cheaper material and is placed in a mold or between dies. It is then coated with a layer 101 of amorphous metal or alloy by casting or by hot forming. The thickness of the layer 101 of amorphous metal or alloy is adjusted so that a thick layer can withstand higher stresses than a thin layer. This operation can use the shaping properties of the amorphous metals by being carried out by hot forming. But of course, casting can be used to make these coated parts.
    The advantage of this variant is to allow to take advantage of the mechanical and elastic characteristics of amorphous metals while reducing costs and without decreasing the accuracy of said elements since the amorphous metals can be shaped accurately and simply.
    In addition, this possibility of having coated parts may possibly counteract the effects of solid amorphous metal parts may be heavier than their equivalent solid crystalline amorphous metal. A core 102 or main portion 101 of a different material then becomes advantageous.
    The amorphous metal shaping methods also make it possible to make parts of the bearing 1 entirely of amorphous metal or coated with amorphous metal comprising sculptures or reliefs. These sculptures are in the form of grooves or grooves facilitating the movement of the rolling bodies 5 on the way. As the amorphous metal allows the simple and precise reproduction of complex shapes, complex sculptures can be envisaged on the rolling bodies 5 or on the inner and outer rings 3 and 2.
    It will be understood that various modifications and / or improvements and / or combinations obvious to those skilled in the art can be made to the various embodiments of the invention described above without departing from the scope of the invention defined by the appended claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [1]
    Bearing (1) comprising rolling bodies (5) held in a cage (6) and arranged between an outer ring (2) and at least one inner ring (3), characterized in that at least a part of said bearing (1) selected from the list comprising the rolling bodies (5), the cage (6), the outer ring (2) or the inner ring (3) is made at least partly of at least partially amorphous metal or metal alloy.
    [2]
    2. Bearing 1 according to claim 1, characterized in that said at least a portion of said bearing (1) is made entirely of metal or metal alloy at least partially amorphous.
    [3]
    3. Bearing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said at least a portion is the outer ring (2).
    [4]
    4. Bearing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said at least a part are the rolling bodies (5).
    [5]
    5. Bearing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said at least one part is the cage (6).
    [6]
    6. Bearing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said at least a portion is the inner ring (3).
    [7]
    7. Bearing 1 according to claim 1, characterized in that the rolling bodies (5) comprise a core (102) coated with a layer (101) made of metal or metal alloy at least partially amorphous.
    [8]
    Bearing (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer ring (2) and / or the inner ring (3) comprise a central part (100) of which at least one face is coated with a layer (101). ) made of at least partially amorphous metal or metal alloy.
    [9]
    9. Bearing (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that the at least one face coated with a layer (101) made of at least partially amorphous metal or metal alloy is the face (21, 31) of the outer ring. (2) and / or the inner ring (3) in contact with the rolling bodies (5).
    [10]
    10. Bearing 1 according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said metal or metal alloy is totally amorphous.
    [11]
    11. Bearing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said at least a portion comprises reliefs facilitating the movement of the rolling bodies (5).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    WO2011161182A1|2011-12-29|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US4960643A|1987-03-31|1990-10-02|Lemelson Jerome H|Composite synthetic materials|
    JPH11132242A|1997-10-31|1999-05-18|Nippon Seiko Kk|Rolling bearing with its metal surface treatment|
    EP1233314A1|2001-02-15|2002-08-21|DAMASKO, Konrad|Clockwork|
    JP2003013968A|2001-06-28|2003-01-15|Nsk Ltd|Rolling bearing|
    DE102004034547A1|2004-07-16|2006-02-16|Könnemann, Frank|Anti-friction bearing, has multiple inner rings, multiple outer rings and three rolling bodies, where the inner and outer rings and the rolling bodies of bearing are manufactured from integrated amorphous steel|
    DE102008047725A1|2008-09-18|2010-03-25|Schaeffler Kg|Method for producing cage from amorphous metal by casting- or injection molding method for rolling bearing or linear guidance for the reception of roller bodies, where the casting process takes place as die casting or metal die casting|
    DE102009014344A1|2009-03-21|2010-09-23|Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg|Metal component, in particular rolling bearing, engine or transmission component|US11078998B2|2019-12-12|2021-08-03|Zf Friedrichshafen Ag|Amorphous metal torque convertor stator|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    CH10212010|2010-06-22|
    PCT/EP2011/060483|WO2011161182A1|2010-06-22|2011-06-22|Ball bearing|
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